Six Ways to Say the Same Thing

Prose

"'Aves' refers to the crown clade stemming from the most recent common ancestor of Ratitae (Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758), Tinamidae (Tetrao [Tinamus] major Gmelin 1789), and Neognathae (Vultur gryphus Linnaeus 1758)."

—Jacques Gauthier & Kevin de Queiroz 2001 December

Simple Mathematical Formula

Aves := Clade(Struthio camelus + Tetrao major + Vultur gryphus)


Complex Mathematical Formula

Aves Linnaeus 1758 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001] := (AD o max o CA)(Struthio camelus ∪ Tetrao major ∪ Vultur gryphus)


Ridiculously Complex Mathematical Formula

C := {x : (∀y ∈ (Struthio camelus ∪ Tetrao major ∪ Vultur gryphus))[x ≼ y]}
A := {x ∈ C : (∀y ∈ C)[x ⊀ y]}
Aves := {x : (∃y ∈ A)[x ≽ y]}


Simple MathML-Content

<apply>
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
  <csymbol
    definitionURL="http://namesonnodes.org/2008/phylo/math/nodeClade"/>
  <csymbol
    definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Struthio+camelus"/>
  <csymbol
    definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Tetrao+major"/>
  <csymbol
    definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Vultur+gryphus"/>
</apply>

Complex MathML within Custom Markup

<pn:definition
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:pn="http://namesonnodes.org/2008/phylo/names">
  <apply>
    <csymbol
        definitionURL="http://namesonnodes.org/2008/phylo/math/clade">
      <mi form="prefix">Clade</mi>
    </csymbol>
    <apply>
      <csymbol
          definitionURL="http://namesonnodes.org/2008/phylo/math/nodeAncestors">
        <mo form="infix">+</mo>
      </csymbol>
      <csymbol
          definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Struthio+camelus">
        <![CDATA[<i>Ratitae</i> (<i>Struthio camelus</i> Linnaeus 1758)]]>
      </csymbol>
      <csymbol
          definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Tetrao+major">
        <![CDATA[<i>Tinamidae</i> (<i>Tetrao</i> [<i>Tinamus</i>] <i>major</i> Gmelin 1789)]]>
      </csymbol>
      <csymbol
          definitionURL="urn:isbn:0-85301-006-4/Vultur+gryphus">
        <![CDATA[<i>Neognathae</i> (<i>Vultur gryphus</i> Linnaeus 1758)]]>
      </csymbol>
    </apply>
  </apply>
</pn:definition>

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References

• urn:isbn:0-912532-57-2/1 (Jacques Gauthier & Kevin de Queiroz 2001 December)
• urn:doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00302.x (T. Michael Keesey 2007 November)